Sustainable Aviation Fuel

Today, the aviation sector is responsible for roughly 2 to 3 percent of global carbon dioxide emissions. Although fuel efficiency has increased, aviation emissions continue to grow as a result of robust demand and rising air traffic and are are projected to more than double by 2050.

In addition to carbon pollution, the aviation sector also emits other greenhouse gases and health-harming pollutants, including soot, nitrogen oxides, and other ozone precursors. To address the significant and growing impacts on human health and the climate, policymakers and industry players must invest in alternatives to petroleum-based jet fuels.

Sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) or alternative fuels are drop-in renewable jet fuels made from non-conventional feedstock such as biomass or hydrogen and captured carbon dioxide, compatible with existing aircraft engines. When made from biomass, truly sustainable fuels should emit fewer lifecycle GHGs compared to petroleum, and also be made from feedstocks with minimal requirements for fresh water that do not compete with food production or drive deforestation or habitat conversion. When created via industrial processes like power-to-liquid conversion, hydrogen and carbon dioxide must be sourced through sustainable means, such as electrolysis with renewable energy and industrial point-source carbon capture.

Clean Hydrogen

Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe, and in its gaseous form, H2, is the smallest, lightest molecule. It is colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, and highly combustible. Given these properties, it has long been used as a source of light, heat, and transportation.

Today, hydrogen is used in many industrial applications such as ammonia and fertilizer production and oil and chemical refining. Yet its ability to store and produce energy without harmful byproducts has made it a prime focus for future use in electricity generation, transportation, and other hard-to-decarbonize sectors. Scaling up such uses will come with important challenges, risks, and considerations that must be accounted for to ensure they become truly clean, responsible energy alternatives.